Human Resource Development in Education: systematic literature review

Abstract

This systematic literature review (SLR) examines the evolving field of Human Resource Development (HRD) in education, synthesizing insights from 42 peer-reviewed articles published between 2014 and 2024. Guided by PRISMA methodology, the review explores how HRD has been conceptualized, implemented, and measured across diverse educational contexts. Key themes identified include competency-based HRD frameworks, the integration of digital technologies and artificial intelligence in professional development, sustainable and green HRD practices, inclusive and intergenerational learning approaches, and the alignment of HRD with national human capital development goals. The findings indicate that HRD has become a strategic function in educational institutions, contributing not only to educator effectiveness and institutional performance but also to broader societal outcomes such as equity, innovation, and sustainable development. However, the review also reveals significant challenges, including conceptual ambiguity, limited empirical evaluation, technological inequity, and underrepresentation of Global South perspectives. Future research is needed to develop context-sensitive, impact-driven, and ethically grounded HRD models that respond to the complex demands of 21st-century education. This review contributes to the field by offering a comprehensive synthesis of current trends, identifying critical research gaps, and providing a roadmap for advancing HRD as a transformative force in education.