AI Implementation in Healthcare Industry: A Systematic Review
Keywords:
Artificial Intelligence, healthcare implementation, clinical decision support, adoption barriers, health systemsAbstract
Healthcare systems face mounting pressures from aging populations, chronic diseases, workforce shortages, and rising costs. Artificial intelligence offers transformative potential by enhancing diagnostic accuracy, supporting decision-making, optimizing operations, and improving patient engagement. Yet, adoption is shaped by individual, organizational, and systemic factors that influence both opportunities and risks. This systematic review aimed to synthesize evidence on the applications, determinants, barriers, and outcomes of artificial intelligence implementation in healthcare across clinical, administrative, and patient-care domains. Following PRISMA 2020 guidelines, a comprehensive search was conducted across PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, IEEE Xplore, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and grey literature sources between 2020 and 2025. Eligible studies included systematic reviews, quantitative, qualitative, and mixed-method designs focusing on AI adoption in healthcare. Data extraction used a standardized matrix, and study quality was assessed using JBI and MMAT tools. Narrative and thematic synthesis were applied due to heterogeneity across study designs and outcomes. Twenty-four studies met inclusion criteria, covering diverse geographical and institutional contexts. Findings highlighted AI’s contributions to clinical decision support, imaging, predictive analytics, robotics, and hospital administration. Reported benefits included improved diagnostic accuracy, patient safety, efficiency, and engagement. Barriers included low digital literacy, high costs, lack of infrastructure, algorithmic bias, ethical concerns, and fragmented policy support. Outcomes were mixed: while short-term benefits were evident, evidence on long-term impacts and large-scale sustainability remained limited.Artificial intelligence may significantly reshape healthcare, but successful adoption depends on more than technical performance. Integrated strategies addressing human, organizational, and policy dimensions are essential to ensure ethical, equitable, and sustainable implementation that strengthens health systems rather than exacerbates disparities.
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